A EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NA PERSPECTIVA DA FORMAÇÃO OMNILATERAL E SUA RELAÇÃO COM O NÍVEL DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E A PERCEPÇÃO DE QUALIDADE DE VIDA EM ESTUDANTES DO IFTM - CAMPUS ITUITUBA (MG)

Abstract

The present study aimed to know the factors related to the level of physical activity (LPA) and the quality of life perception (QoL) of students at the Federal Institute do Triângulo Mineiro (IFTM) in Ituiutaba-MG, focusing on the role of stimulation of physical activity (PA) in the school environment, and how this practice materializes or not the principles of omnilateral training, according to the theoretical-conceptual formulations of Acácia Kuenzer, Dante Moura, Gaudêncio Frigotto, Maria Ciavatta, and Marise Ramos. This observational and transversal field research, with a quantitative-qualitative approach, was developed with students of Professional and Technological Education. In quantitative analysis, which corresponds to the PAL and the perception of QoL, statistical and descriptive tools were applied, using the validated instruments IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and WHOQOL-bref (World Health Organization Quality of Life), respectively, to compare the group of students who have Physical Education (PE) classes - 3rd year of Integrated High School (IHS) - with the group that does not have PE - 3rd period of technical courses of secondary level (subsequent). For the qualitative analysis, Bardin's Content Analysis method was applied to the responses of students on the relationship between school PE and the training received at the institute, relating then to the official documents of the institute: Pedagogical Project of Course and Physical Education Teaching Plan. The results showed that the group with stimulation of PA at school had a higher QoL score (p-value = 0.021), although there was no difference regarding the domains: social relationships, physical, and satisfaction with health. Nutritional status, PA outside of school, and alcohol consumption were also associated with QoL. As for PAL, the results show that the groups with and without stimulation of PA at school are not statistically different (p-value = 0.1). The factor that was associated with PAL was the practice of PA outside of school (p-value = 0.001). The insufficient frequency and duration of school PE, remote classes during the pandemic period, the absence of practical PE stimulus and social isolation may have negatively affected physical, social relationships and satisfaction with health domains and PAL of the stimulus group. Thus, it appears that the ineffectiveness of the PE approach and methods in improving these domains of QoL and PAL of students at the institute. A website was created as an educational product, aimed at PE teachers, bringing together scientific productions and building integrative pedagogical practices, based on the conceptions of Paulo Freire (1987), Coletivo de Autores (1992), Guedes (1996), Nahas (1997), which subsidize an active and critical PE. These actions aim at raising students' awareness and critical reflection on issues related to body culture confronted with the reality in which they are inserted, to encourage a more active and healthier lifestyle, inside and outside the school environment, and contribute to an integral human formation, as well as emancipation of the subjects.