AVALIAÇÃO ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DOS FOCOS DE CALOR E ANÁLISE DO RISCO DE INCÊNDIOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE RIO VERDE - GO

Abstract

Problems related to destruction from fires cause great economic and environmental damage every year. Understanding the incidence of heat sources related to fires and burnings that are distributed in space, helps in understanding the dynamics of these events in a territory. The variables related to its occurrence and propagation are fundamental in mapping the risk related to fires. The study was divided into two chapters: the first one carried out a space-temporal survey of the hotspots detected by the AQUA and TERRA satellites in the municipality of Rio Verde - GO. For the first study, the data used were provided by INPE's BD Queimadas platform. Subsequently, the correlation between the data collected on the platform with the land use and occupation characterized for the municipality was carried out. Four land uses and occupations were observed within the municipality, which were: arable area in preparation (AEP), agricultural area (AAG), vegetation area (AVE) and area close to water bodies (APA). The period considered for validation was from January 2005 to December 2020 (period of 16 years) with evaluation between dry and rainy seasons. Through the global temporal verification of the hotspots, an increase in the number of fires was observed in the dry season, making up at least 75% of the total cases of outbreaks, for each year. As for the classes of land use and occupation, those with the highest number of hotspots were AEP and AAG, respectively. In relation to the second chapter, the validation was carried out through the fire risk index for the municipality. The construction of the index was based on physical variables (relief orientation and slope), socioeconomic variables (proximity to residences and road network and population density) and biological factors (land use and occupation). The appropriate weights of variables were assigned using the Analytical Process Hierarchy (PAH) method. The index was divided into four classes: water, low, moderate, high and very high. The regions that presented the level of risk considered low (class 2) presented a percentage of 16.36% of the total hotspots, the third class (moderate risk degree) presented the equivalent of 36.29% of the total hotspots and class 4 (high risk) presented the equivalent of 46.72% of the total number of hotspots. Therefore, the application of a fire risk index for the municipality proved to be efficient and adequate for the spatial assessment of the distribution of fire events in Rio Verde - GO.