BARREIRAS À PRÁTICA DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA EM ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO MÉDIO INTEGRADO DURANTE A PANDEMIA DA COVID-19

Abstract

Physical inactivity is a public health problem that increasingly affects adolescents in Brazil and worldwide. Thus, there is a need to identify the context related to the physical activity in this population, especially that of adolescent students in a full-time regime. This study aims to evaluate the level of physical activity and its possible barriers among students of a full-time regime in an integrated high school of a Federal Institute in the state of Goiás. The study was conducted in three steps: a) Systematic literature review; b) Case study; and c) Development of an educational product. In the systematic review stage, searches were conducted in five databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus) and 37 studies were included. The main barriers identified were lack of time, lack of motivation and lack of accessible places. Full-time high school students participated in the case study, with a mean age of 15.9 ± 1.15 years. The questionnaire was answered by a quantitative sample of (119 participants: 52.9% female), the qualitative sample was (12 participants: 50.0% female) in the structured interview. The main variables were the amount of perceived barriers to physical activity, the level of physical activity and the time exposed to sedentary behavior. The results show that female adolescents perceive more barriers and have lower levels of physical activity. Adolescents have a 'low' level of physical activity (44.4%, n=52). Barriers: lack of time (PR 1.546; CI 1.111-2.151), lack of motivation (PR 1.573; CI 1.102-2.245), preferring other activities (PR 1.521; CI 1.073-2.155), lack of places close to home (PR 1.576 ; CI 1.077-2.307), laziness (PR 1.463; CI 1.031-2.076) and not having a way to go (PR 1.619; CI 1.005-2.606) are associated with a low level of physical activity. There was no association between the time exposed to sedentary behavior with the level of physical activity, nor with the number of barriers reported. Finally, in the third stage, we developed and applied the educational product in an extension action format entitled Xô Sedentarismo, with the objective of exposing information on sedentary behavior, physical activity and barriers to physical activity. The intervention was carried out with integrated high school students, who were divided into two groups [Intervention (n = 59) and Control (n = 54)]. For four weeks, the Intervention group received messages three times a week, focused on the importance of physical activity and the need to reduce the time exposed to sedentary behavior. In the Intervention group, the average reduction in time exposed to sedentary behavior was 47.14 (min/day), and in the control group the increase was 31.37 (min/day). Despite this, the intervention was not effective in improving physical activity levels in the Intervention group (p=0.548) and the mean reduction in the time exposed to sedentary behavior was not significant (p=0.556).