ESTOQUE DE CARBONO E ATRIBUTOS EDÁFICOS EM DIFERENTES USOS DA TERRA NO CERRADO GOIANO

Abstract

The Midwest region of Brazil is the largest agricultural producer in the country in recent decades, being predominantly dominated by the Cerrado biome. Given the importance and potential of the Cerrado, viable management in this biome requires new approaches, focusing on the sustainable use of biodiversity and increasing the efficiency of land use. Crop-Livestock-Forest (ICLF) is a system that enables this intensification of sustainable production, promoting the integration of different forestry components in the same area. As the natural soil vital for the functioning of the terrestrial ecosystem, it is essential to characterize the effect that the adoption of ICLF systems promotes on soil attributes. Thus, in chapter I, the effect of eucalyptus (E. urograndis) and baru (D. alata) tree species in the ICLF system on physicochemical attributes and total carbon stock of an implantation in a Cerrado Cambisol is evaluated. The effects were evaluated in the line and between the line of trees in the ICLF systems, in addition to an area of cultivated pasture and a fragment of native Cerrado forest, using a pasture area of low productivity as a reference area for comparison. Total chemical and physical attributes and carbon stock were determined up to a depth of one meter. The interline of trees in the ICLF system with eucalyptus had its physicochemical characteristics of the soil affected and provided significant increases in the total carbon stock of the soil in relation to low productivity pasture. However, the ICLF system with baru still did not interfere markedly in the chemical-physical attributes of the soil and carbon stock at this stage of establishment. In chapter II, it was evaluated as standard, physical, C stock and natural abundance of 13C of a Latassolo under ICLF system with eucalyptus. In the ICLF, the collections were carried out in the line of the row of trees, and distant 2.5 m and 5.0 m from the row. The other treatments consist of a monoculture corn crop, eucalyptus monoculture, native forest typical of the Cerrado and a pasture used as a reference. Soil samples were collected in each area every 10 cm, up to 0.40 m deep. The different evaluation positions in the ICLF system showed greater differences in chemical attributes in relation to low-productivity pasture, but the different distances from the row of trees were not yet able to markedly infer the total soil organic C (SOC) stock and abundance natural from 13C. The ICLF SOC did not differ from the forest at lower depths. Data are critical to support systems throughout the ICLF promoting that the adoption of such quality impact systems identifies their sustainability and support in supporting soil carbon throughout a sustainable production of initial impact such as climate change.