AVALIAÇÃO DA INFLUÊNCIA DA ALTURA DE PLANTA NA COMPOSIÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DOS GRÃOS DE SOJA

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of plant height on the physicochemical composition of soybean grains. Eight cultivars and three plant heights were evaluated, namely, upper third, middle third and lower third, in terms of water, lipids, proteins, ash, carbohydrates, calorific value and specific mass. The water content was determined in an oven until constant mass. Protein content was determined by the micro Kjeldahl method and lipids were extracted by the Soxhlet method. Fixed mineral residue was determined by incineration in a muffle at 550 ºC and carbohydrates were determined through the difference between the constituents. The apparent specific mass was obtained through a relationship between mass (kg) and volume (m3). The experiments were carried out in triplicate in an 8 x 3 factorial scheme. There was an effect between the variable plant height and cultivars, with the content of water, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and ash. For the variable proteins there was superiority for the middle and upper thirds, for the variable lipids there was superiority on the upper third and for the variable carbohydrates there was superiority on the upper and lower thirds of the cultivar Voraz I PRO, while the middle third was higher for the cultivar IGS 7019 RR. For the variables carbohydrates and proteins, none of the cultivars were superior for the three thirds of the plant, for the variable lipids, cultivar Voraz I PRO was superior to the others.