USO DE CAMA DE PERU NA ADUBAÇÃO E EFEITO NAS PROPRIEDADES QUÍMICAS E FÍSICAS DE UM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO DISTROFÉRRICO

Abstract

The volume of poultry agroindustry waste generated in areas close to rearing facilities is large and increasing, which has led to an increase in its use in the agricultural crops fertilization. It is more common, however, to use waste from chicken farming, leaving some gaps in the use of turkey farming waste. In this context, two studies evaluating the use of turkey litter in agriculture were conducted. Both experiments were carried out in a Dystroferric Oxisol soil, one evaluating the use of poultry litter for maize production, and the other evaluating changes in soil chemical and physical attributes after a chronosequence of up to nine applications followed by turkey litter, under rotational grazing. In the maize crop, the experiment was carried out in the 2011/12 and 2012/13 crop seasons, comparing: mineral fertilization with 450 kg ha-1 of 10-27-10, turkey litter at doses of 3,800 and 7,600 kg ha-1, fertilization with 450 kg ha-1 of 10-27-10 + 1,900 kg ha-1 of turkey litter, fertilization with 450 kg ha-1 of 10-27-10 + 3,800 kg ha-1 of turkey litter, in addition to a control treatment, without fertilization. The use of turkey litter was efficient in replacing mineral fertilization completely or in part from the second year of its use, maintaining maize yield levels, and increaseing phosphorus and potassium contents in the soil. The experiment in area under rotational grazing of Urochloa decumbens was implemented in 2008 and compared four accumulated doses of turkey litter: control (0), 35.3, 54.8 and 66.2 Mg ha-1, respectively corresponding to 0, 6, 8 and 9 years of successive applications. Soil chemical and physical were carried out in the surface layers, at 0, 6, 8 and 9 years after the beginning of the experiment. The contents and stocks of carbon and nitrogen in the soil and carbon and nitrogen in particulate organic matter were increased when turkey litter was used. Compared to the control treatment, the use of turkey litter can add to the soil up to 1.12 Mg C ha-1 year-1 (when using the highest dose). The accumulated dose of 54.8 Mg ha-1 led to the highest total nitrogen stock (80% increase) and nitrogen in particulate organic matter (134% increase). After 9 years of use (accumulated dose of 69.24 Mg ha-1), the use of turkey litter increased the carbon management index in the 0-0.05 m layer by 156%. Another benefit of using turkey litter was the reduction of density and the increase in the mean weight diameter of soil aggregates, with consequent increase in the proportion of macroaggregates. Therefore, due to the positive effects of using turkey litter on chemical and physical attributes of soil and also on maize yield, this waste is a good option for producers in grain and pasture areas and may be a tool to reduce dependence on mineral fertilizers, in addition to adding carbon to the soil and minimizing the impacts of large-scale turkey production.