METODOLOGIA PARA A DETERMINAÇÃO DOS IMPACTOS TÉCNICOS E FINANCEIROS PROVOCADOS PELA INSTALAÇÃO DE GERAÇÃO DISTRIBUÍDA FOTOVOLTAICA EM UM SISTEMA DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO

Abstract

The number of consumers that produce part of their electricity through photovoltaic distributed generation (PVDG) has increased considerably in recent years. Even so, the International Energy Agency (IEA) warns that the growth of this type of renewable source is relatively low in most countries. Therefore, IEA suggests establishing public policies that provide favorable conditions for high penetration levels (pen) of photovoltaic (PV) to be achieved. The installation of PVDG can provide benefits such as the postponement of investments in the expansion of transmission and distribution systems, the low environmental impact, and the improvement of the power grid’s voltage levels. However, it is important to note that if the development policies are not well structured, the increase in the penetration level of PV may provoke difficulties in the operation and control of the grids and charge for the use of the electrical system. In this regard, this study presents a method to identify the technical and financial impacts that the PVDG can cause in a distribution system. The Monte Carlo algorithm addresses the uncertainties regarding the location of PV systems, solar irradiation, and ambient temperature in the region. Regarding financial evaluation, a stochastic approach is applied to monetize the impacts resulting from the integration of PVDG in voltage levels, technical losses, and peak demand. In this way, it is possible to determine the most appropriate incentive policy for PVDG from its technical impacts on the grid. The results of applying the method to dozens of real feeders show that PV systems dimensioned based on local consumption (Net metering) and with less power generate more benefits for the utility. Feeders in rural areas are benefited from the insertion of PVDG at all penetration levels, while residential and commercial feeders need maintenance and expansion in the grid to accommodate low pen. This study is characterized as support to utilities when planning preventive measures to strengthen the grid and regulatory agencies to improve policies to support PVDG at any stage of implementation.