FENOLOGIA, PÓS-COLHEITA E PROPAGAÇÃO DE CAJU-ARBÓREO-DO CERRADO

Abstract

Cerrado Anacardium othonianum Rizz is an ecotype of the species Anacardium occidentale, where it has different characteristics because it is in the Cerrado biome, there are few studies of this ecotype. With that, the objective was to evaluate the best time of harvest, storage, use and form of propagation of A. othonianum. Plants were evaluated in the municipalities of Silvânia, Orizona, Vianópolis and Luziânia, all in the state of Goiás. Physical and chemical analyzes were carried out during maturation and storage at different temperatures to decide on better fruit maturation. The evaluation was carried out in the city of Vianópolis in 5 seasons after the flowering of the plant, storing these fruits at room temperature, 5 ºC and 10 ºC. In the use of the cashew pseudofruit, soft and hard candies were produced and subsequently a sensory analysis was performed with 120 tasters to give acceptance notes. In the propagation of Cerrado tree-cashew seeds from the municipalities of Silvânia, Orizona, Vianópolis and Luziânia were grown in a germination chamber on different substrates (S1: commercial substrate + vermiculite (2: 1); S2: ravine soil + vermiculite + fine sand (2: 1: 1); S3: commercial substrate + ravine soil + vermiculite (2: 2: 1) and S4: ravine earth + vermiculite + rice husk (2: 1: 1)), and different temperatures (24 °, 30 °, 36 °, 42 ° C). Propagation in a greenhouse with different substrates was also evaluated (S1: commercial substrate + vermiculite (2: 1); S2: ravine soil + vermiculite + fine sand (2: 1: 1); S3: commercial substrate + soil ravine + vermiculite (2: 2: 1) and S4: ravine soil + vermiculite + rice husk (2: 1: 1)). And in vitro cultivation with variation of MS medium (25, 50, 75 and 100%). In the propagation experiments in the germination chamber and greenhouse, biometric surveys were carried out on the 40th day of sowing, evaluating the number of leaf pairs, plant height, stem diameter, leaf width, leaf length, root length , fresh and dry matter. And in vitro cultivation, root protrusion, contamination, survival after seed inoculation were evaluated. The last harvest season showed the best maturation, and the temperature of 5ºC the most efficient for storage. Both soft and hard candies had good acceptance and the substrate that provided the best development of the Cerrado tree-cashew seedlings was S4: ravine soil + vermiculite + rice husk (2: 1: 1) at the temperature of 30 ° C, 25 and 50% MS media were the most effective in vitro culture.