COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA E ATIVIDADES BIOLÓGICAS DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DAS FOLHAS DE Citrus limonia E Citrus latifólia E DOS FRUTOS VERDES E FOLHAS DE Protium ovatum

Abstract

Plants have a therapeutic potential for curing diseases, constituting an important source of new biologically active compounds, which are nowadays known as secondary metabolites. Essential oils originate from the secondary metabolism of plants, characterized by allowing the plants to adapt to the environment in which they are inserted. Nowadays there has been an increase in the application of these essential oils in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, but it is important to emphasize the need to know its biological potential as well as its chemical composition, so that it can establish a correlation between these potencies and the chemical composition of them. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from leaves of Citrus latifolia and Citrus limonia and of the green leaves and fruits of Protium ovatum and its antiparasitic activities, as well as the microbial and cytotoxic activity of the essential oil of Leaves of Citrus latifolia and Citrus limonia and cytotoxic activity of the essential oil of green fruits of Protium ovatum. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation using Clevenger apparatus. The chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS), the trypanocidal activity was evaluated on Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote forms and the leishmanicidal activity on Leishmania amazonenses promastigotes, cytotoxic activity was evaluated on fibroblasts and determined by the MTT method, the in vitro antibacterial activity against the bacteria Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus sobrinus and Bacteroides fragilis by the broth dilution method. When evaluating the cytotoxic activity against fibroblasts from the LLCMK2 lineage, the essential oils of C. latifolia (CC50 = 502.9 µg.mL-1 ), C. limonia (CC50 = 422.9 µg.mL-1 ), and the green fruits of P . Ovatum (CC50 = 550.3 µg.mL-1 ) showed moderate cytotoxicity. In the chromatographic analyzes were identified 17 chemical constituents for C. latifolia and 18 chemical constituents for C. limonia . The main components were limonene, nerol and 1,8-cineol. In the P. ovatum species, the terpenes espatulenol, caryophyllene oxide, E-caryophyllene and myrcene were major components of leaf essential oil and β-myrene, α-pinene and limonene of the essential oil of the green fruits. Protozoa from the trypanosomatid family cause neglected tropical diseases such as leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis, where available drugs are highly costly and highly toxic to the host. In this context, the essential oils of the leaves of C. latifolia, C. limonia, P. ovatum and green fruits of P. ovatum were evaluated against the trypomastigote forms of the Y strain of Trypanosoma cruzi, presenting values of IC 50 = 51.7 µg.mL-1 , 88.2 µg.mL-1 , 5.4 µg.mL-1 and 1.2 µg.mL-1 respectively. The leishmanicidal activity of the essential oils of the leaves of C. latifolia, C. limonia and P. ovatum were evaluated against the promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis, presenting IC50 = 2.03 µg.mL-1 , 2.63 µg.mL-1 and 1.56 µg.mL-1 , respectively. The essential oil of C. latifolia showed a better result against S. mutans, S. sanguinis CIM (100 µg.mL-1 ), whereas C. limonia was more promising for S. mitis bacteria (100 µg.mL-1 ). In summary, the essential oils of the leaves of C. latifolia and C. limonia presented moderate antibacterial activity and the essential oils of the green leaves and fruits of P. ovatum can be considered an excellent alternative source for the development of new antiparasitic medicines. This work describes for the first time the chemical composition of the essential oils of Citrus limonia and Citrus latifolia leaves and the green leaves and fruits of Protium ovatum, contributing significantly to the chemical knowledge of the species and its biological activities.