DIVERSIDADE GENÉTICA ENTRE MATRIZES DE BARUZEIRO (Dipteryx alata VOG.) AMOSTRADAS NO ESTADO DE GOIÁS

Abstract

The Cerrado is home to about 33% of Brazilian biodiversity and is considered a global hotspot. Among the biodiversity observed, there is the native fruits, with unique sensorial characteristics. Among them, it stands out the baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.), That is endemic in the Cerrado. The objective of the present work was to estimate the genetic diversity among bauru tree matrices sampled in the Goiás State. For that, fruits were collected from 25 matrices trees from Bom Jardim de Goiás, Iporá, Urutaí and Ipameri cities. The following variables were evaluated: fruit and nut mass; longitudinal and transverse diameter of fruit and nuts, fruit and nut thickness; and only in the nuts the proximal centesimal composition (moisture, ashes, proteins), pH, total soluble solids and total titratable acidity. The consistency of the Tocher and UPGMA clusters was evaluated based on the Mahalanobis and mean Euclidean distances as a measure of dissimilarity, respectively. Furthermore, the phenotypic correlation coefficients among the studied variables were estimated. Tocher method formed seven genetically dissimilar groups while the UPGMA method formed four (CCC 0.70). By the Tocher method the greatest genetic divergence occurred between group V (access 24) and groups III (accesses 12 and 22) and VII (access 8). By the UPGMA method, the most divergent accessions were 24 and 7. The physical traits of the fruit (mass, transverse and longitudinal diameter and fruit thickness) were the ones that most contributed to the groups formation by the UPGMA grouping method. Based on the estimated phenotypic correlation coefficients, the nut mass variable, with the highest economic value, but with a slightly more complex measurement, can be selected by means of the cross-sectional diameter of the fruit, which is easier to evaluate