Áreas indicativas de Cerrado degradado do território quilombola do Brejão no município de Campos Belos-Goiás

Abstract

The conversion of the Cerrado's native vegetation to anthropogenic uses threatens biodiversity and the livelihoods of traditional communities, requiring the monitoring of these areas to ensure environmental preservation and territorial security. Given this scenario, this study aimed to identify and map the degraded Cerrado areas in the Brejão Quilombola Territory, in the municipality of Campos Belos, Goiás, focusing on the delineation of Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs) and the quantification of environmental liabilities. Due to the lack of an official territorial delimitation by the competent authorities, the methodology integrated field surveys and geoprocessing techniques to establish an estimated study area of 2,166.51 hectares, delimited by adopting a 3 km radius around a central geographic reference coordinate. Using the QGIS software and high-resolution images from the CBERS-4A satellite, an unsupervised land use classification and the manual tracing of the drainage network were performed to delineate the APPs in accordance with the Brazilian Forest Code (Law 12,651 of May 25, 2012). The results indicated that 16.03% of the analyzed area maintains remnant native vegetation cover. In the assessment of the APPs, an environmental liability of 126.33 hectares was found, demonstrating that 61.95% of these protection zones have been converted to agricultural and livestock activities. It is concluded that the territory presents a severe condition of degradation that directly compromises water security and the community's extractive potential. As an alternative for environmental and productive requalification, the implementation of Agroforestry Systems (SAFs) with high-value native species, such as macaúba and baru, is proposed, strengthening local economic autonomy and the sustainable paradigm of the standing forest.