MICRORGANISMOS MITIGADORES DOS ESTRESSES ABIÓTICOS E PROMOTORES DE CRESCIMENTO NA SOJA

Abstract

This article addresses the role of microorganisms colonizing soil microbiota in the context of Brazilian agribusiness, highlighting their application as bioinputs to promote agricultural sustainability. It discusses regulatory aspects, the patent landscape, and the expansion of the national market for bioinoculants and biological products, emphasizing Brazil’s leading role in registering and using these technologies. The study highlights the relevance of plant growth-promoting bacteria, especially those belonging to the genus Bacillus spp., as tools to mitigate abiotic stresses such as water deficit and salinity, in addition to their contribution to biological nitrogen fixation, plant growth bio-stimulation, and greater physiological resilience of soybean. In this regard, the direct and indirect mechanisms of action of these microorganisms are presented, involving the production of phytohormones, siderophores, exopolysaccharides, antioxidant enzymes, and biofilms, which enhance nutrient absorption, water-use efficiency, and stress tolerance. The article also discusses the perspectives and challenges for the sector, including cultural barriers, limitations in quality standardization and product shelf life, as well as the need for investment in research, infrastructure, and technical training. It is emphasized that the consolidation of bioinputs as a sustainable alternative depends on the integration of public policies, technological innovation, and field adoption, reinforcing the contribution of these biotechnologies to reducing dependence on chemical inputs, reducing the effects of climate change, and strengthening national agriculture.