FAKE NEWS E PÓS VERDADE

Abstract

Fake news have become one of the main informational challenges of the twenty-first century, driven by the expansion of social networks, algorithmic logic, and the attention economy. This study investigates the causes, dissemination mechanisms, and effects of false information in the contemporary digital environment, situating the phenomenon within the context of post-truth and informational toxicity. It discusses technological, economic, and political factors that favor the spread of disinformation, such as echo chambers, click-based monetization, and ideologically oriented campaigns. The research also examines the social and institutional impacts of fake news, particularly on democracy, public health—highlighting the infodemic during the COVID-19 pandemic—and social polarization. Finally, the study presents strategies for addressing the issue, including fact-checking initiatives, digital literacy programs, and regulatory and public policy proposals. It concludes that the effective fight against disinformation requires coordinated actions among the State, digital platforms, educational institutions, and civil society, in order to strengthen public trust and promote a safer and more transparent informational ecosystem.