MICRORGANISMOS ENDOFÍTICOS: ECOLOGIA, BENEFÍCIOS E POTENCIAL COMO BIOINSUMOS NA AGRICULTURA

Abstract

Endophytic microorganisms are capable of colonizing plant tissues asymptomatically, promoting several benefits to their host plants, such as growth promotion, suppression of phytopathogens, protection against pests and herbivores, increased tolerance to abiotic stresses, and induction of systemic resistance. Various microbial taxa can establish endophytic colonization, with emphasis on fungi—often associated with pathogen suppression and direct growth stimulation through the production of volatile compounds—and bacteria, which promote plant growth through direct and indirect mechanisms. The multiple advantages resulting from these interactions, combined with the potential to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers and chemical pesticides without compromising productivity, position endophytic microorganisms as valuable biotechnological resources for the development of sustainable agricultural systems. Despite growing scientific interest, the application of these microorganisms as bioinputs is still incipient and requires further understanding. This review compiles current knowledge on endophytic fungi and bacteria, addressing their ecology, the agronomic benefits of colonization, and the potential application of these microorganisms in sustainable agriculture.