DESEMPENHO AGRONÔMICO E FISIOLÓGICO DE FEIJÃO-COMUM SOB INFLUÊNCIA DE BIOESTIMULANTES E FATORES AMBIENTAIS NO CERRADO

Abstract

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a legume with wide distribution and high economic and social importance, especially in developing countries across Latin America, Africa, and Asia. In Brazil, it is a staple crop essential for food security and income generation among small and medium-scale farmers. In the pursuit of higher productive efficiency and agricultural sustainability, this thesis aimed to evaluate the agronomic and physiological performance of common bean genotypes under different environmental conditions and the influence of biostimulants, focusing on representative regions of the Brazilian Cerrado. The research was structured into two complementary studies. The first assessed the genotype × environment (G×E) interaction of twelve genetic materials—seven breeding lines from the Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC) and five cultivars provided by the Association of Bean, Pulses, Special Grains and Irrigated Crop Producers of Mato Grosso (APROFIR). Trials were conducted in three contrasting environments in the state of Mato Grosso: Confresa, Canarana, and Sorriso, using a randomized block design with three replications. Agronomic traits evaluated included yield, 100-grain weight, average number of grains per pod, and number of pods per plant. Genotypes G5 (IAC 1849), G8 (CNFP 10798), G9 (VP 34), and G10 (CPFP 11990) showed superior performance and stability, with Canarana being the most favorable environment, followed by Confresa, while Sorriso presented the lowest overall performance. The second study evaluated the effects of different doses of the commercial biostimulant Speed Advantage® on two common bean cultivars (BRS Estilo and BRS Esplendor) under the edaphoclimatic conditions of Iporá, Goiás. The experiment followed a 2 × 6 factorial scheme (two cultivars × six doses: 0, 150, 300, 450, 600, and 750 mL ha⁻¹) in a randomized block design with four replications. Physiological variables (SPAD index at 1, 7, and 14 days after application), yield components (productivity, number of pods per plant, 1000-grain weight), and seed quality parameters (germination, emergence, seedling length, and dry mass) were measured. The biostimulant positively influenced most evaluated traits, particularly at doses between 380 and 500 mL ha⁻¹, promoting significant physiological benefits and increasing both yield and seed physiological quality. The findings of this thesis demonstrate that the performance of common bean in the Brazilian Cerrado can be significantly enhanced through the selection of genotypes adapted to specific environments and the strategic application of biostimulants. These practices contribute to greater yield stability, sustainable cultivation, and improved efficiency of agricultural systems, positioning common bean as a viable and competitive crop in the face of agronomic challenges in the region.