“ARTÉRIAS” DO CERRADO DESIGUAL: A RODOVIA BR-060 NA DINÂMICA TERRITORIAL DE GOIÁS

Abstract

he present research aims to understand the roles of the BR-060 in the territorial dynamics of the Cerrado of Goiás and the socio-spatial effects of the different uses of the territory. Under the influence of the territorial modernization process, which contributed to the insertion of the Cerrado into the international division of labor, the road mesh in Goiás has undergone deep transformations since the 1950s, accompanied by the respective restructuring of the economic, political and cultural scopes. In this context, the BR-060 is installed, paved, duplicated and granted in parts towards private initiative, becoming extremely functional to modern economic activities and connected to the world market. This fact contributed to the delimitation of the main problem of this research, which moves to the following direction: how to interpret the connection of a highway to the dynamics of a territory marked by socio-spatial changes resulting from the configuration of a new territorial division of labor intersected by the economic internationalization ? The theoretical basis, the immersion in the territories where the BR-060 passes through and the experience to travel on major highways in the Brazilian Midwest allowed us to construct a theoretical-methodological path synthesized in a fundamental principle: in an interpretation guided by territorial dynamics, it is verified a dialectic relationship between the technical network and the territory, which points to two directions - a dynamic that creates the technical network as an unfolding of action and articulation of territorial actors; and a motion that reveals the way in which the technical network creates the territorial dynamics, impacting the actions in the territory and providing new correlations and connections. Based on this analytical bias, it was possible to safeguard the following thesis: the BR-060 constitutes as a paver axis of the process of internationalization of the Cerrado and reveals the production of a differential circulation in the territory, as well as the phenomenon of competitive integration, which contribute to dynamize productive regions, however reinforcing spatial inequalities and social problems in Goiás territory, visualized from different spatial legends. With quantitative and qualitative methodological procedures that go through the bibliographic research, the collection of secondary data and the accomplishment of the fieldwork, the results achieved move between the description of the landscapes of the research object, the reconstruction of its formation, reading and interpretation of the spatial differentiation of the territories investigated, the dialogue with the impersonations of the territorial actors and the analysis of the BR-060 relation with the internationalization of the Cerrado. The effort of synthesis allowed to emphasize the importance of a geopolitical reading of the technical networks that may be opposed to its naturalization. This investigative stance allowed identifying the active participation of economic actors in the duplication of BR-060 and in the production of differential circulation. Among the main conclusions of the research it is highlighted the advance of the trend of corporate use of the territory in the Cerrado and uneven geographic development, which fragments regions and constitutes new challenges for a sustainable development project, capable of opposing the current concentrating dynamism that results in the metropolization and deepening of social inequalities.