AVALIAÇÃO ECOTOXICOLÓGICA DE MINHOCAS E ENQUITREÍDEOS EM SOLOS ADUBADOS COM DEJETO LÍQUIDO SUÍNO

Abstract

The intensification of swine farming has developed worldwide, and with it, concerns about the sustainable disposal of manure have increased. When properly dosed and stabilized prior to use, this waste can partially replace chemical fertilizers, providing nutrients and organic matter to the soil. However, if applied excessively or without appropriate technical criteria, given its polluting potential, it may contaminate soil and water, posing environmental risks such as adverse effects on soil fauna. Nevertheless, few studies have evaluated its environmental impacts, particularly in the long term. The present study aimed to assess the ecotoxicity of swine liquid manure (SLM) to the enchytraeid Enchytraeus crypticus and the earthworm Eisenia andrei in soils with a history of SLM application. For this purpose, reproduction (chronic toxicity) and avoidance (acute toxicity) assays were conducted in soils from two rural properties in the municipality of Rio Verde, GO, with and without a history of SLM application. On Property 1, manure application positively influenced enchytraeid reproduction, whereas on Property 2 no significant effect was observed in any of the treatments. This difference suggests that soil characteristics and environmental factors play an essential role in the response of organisms to SLM application. The avoidance test with Eisenia andrei demonstrated a preference of earthworms for SLM-treated soils in both properties, highlighting the potential of this residue as a source of organic matter and nutrients. Thus, the results emphasize the importance of continuous environmental monitoring of SLM application, as well as the need for further studies on exposure time, chemical composition, and chronic effects on soil fauna.