SOLUÇÃO IoT PARA MONITORAMENTO E CONTROLE DE PARÂMETROS AMBIENTAIS DO CULTIVO SUSTENTÁVEL EM RESIDÊNCIAS

Abstract

Over the past five years, urban agriculture in Brazil has grown by an estimated 50%, reflecting a global trend focused on sustainability, food security, and urban resilience. The domestic cultivation of vegetables has emerged as a viable alternative to promote food autonomy and access to healthy product, especially in densely populated urban areas. Precision agriculture, traditionally applied to large-scale farming, is now being adapted to urban contexts through technologies such as sensors, automation, and data analysis. Despite its benefits, domestic vegetable cultivation faces significant challenges, including a lack of technical data on long-term efficiency, limited infrastructure, low public investment, and insufficient technical knowledge among urban growers. Studies highlight the need for interdisciplinary approaches to understand the social, economic, and environmental impacts of this practice. The development and democratization of low-cost monitoring technologies are key factors in expanding its adoption. The integration of precision agriculture and the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized cultivation systems by enabling real-time, data-driven decision-making. This approach supports intelligent crops that adapt to environmental conditions, promoting sustainability, food security, and social engagement. In addition to producing healthy and traceable food, these solutions strengthen food self-sufficiency and encourage ecological and educational practices within society. This research proposes the development of a computational solution for monitoring and controlling environmental parameters in sustainable residential cultivation. The proposal involves the creation of a Minimum Viable Product (MVP), integrating physical sensors with an ESP32 microprocessor and a cloud-based IoT platform, focusing on efficiency, scalability, and low cost. The study is structured into two chapters: the first presents a systematic literature review about domestic cultivation with digital technologies, highlighting the growing academic interest since 2020. The second chapter describes the development and validation of an intelligent system for cultivating curly lettuce in residential environments, demonstrating its technical feasibility and alignment with the principles of smart urban agriculture.