TECNOLOGIAS DE CAPTAÇÃO E TRATAMENTO DE BIOGÁS EM ATERROS SANITÁRIOS

Abstract

The growing generation of municipal solid waste and the impacts associated with its inadequate management underscore the need for sustainable solutions for the final disposal of these materials. Among the available alternatives, the energy recovery of biogas from sanitary landfills stands out as a strategy capable of integrating waste management with renewable energy production and climate change mitigation. Biogas, which is rich in methane, has high energy potential and, when properly captured and treated, can generate significant environmental, economic, and social benefits. In this context, the primary objective of this work is to conduct a literature review on the energy recovery of biogas from municipal solid waste landfills, analyzing its formation, capture and treatment technologies, utilization methods, socio-environmental benefits, and the challenges and opportunities for its expansion in Brazil. The methodology adopted consisted of a narrative literature review, involving searches in national and international scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Scielo, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science, as well as consultations of specialized scientific journals and official agency documents. Priority was given to recent publications from 2015 to 2025, complemented by relevant normative and technical materials to support the study. The results revealed that energy recovery from biogas holds great potential in Brazil but faces technical, legal, and economic limitations that hinder its widespread adoption. National and international experiences demonstrate that with appropriate public policies, financial incentives, and technological advancements, it is possible to enable sustainable energy generation projects based on landfill biogas. Beyond the production of electricity and heat, the purification of biogas to produce biomethane stands out, expanding its applications in the energy and transportation sectors. It is concluded that the energy recovery of biogas from sanitary landfills represents a strategic opportunity to promote environmental sustainability and the transition to a low-carbon economy. The expansion of this alternative depends on investments in infrastructure, specific regulations, and integration with public policies on waste management and renewable energies.