TÉCNICAS DE CAPTURA E CONVERSÃO DO DIÓXIDO DE CARBONO

Abstract

This paper presents a bibliographic review of carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture and conversion techniques, addressing one of the primary greenhouse gases. The research examines various CO₂ removal and reuse processes, evaluating aspects such as cost-benefit ratios, efficiency, sustainability, and economic impacts. The atmospheric concentration of CO₂ has increased significantly since the Industrial Revolution, driving the search for technological solutions to mitigate its effects on global warming. The main capture strategies analyzed include adsorption and absorption processes, which can be physical or chemical, as well as methods based on oxy-combustion, pre-combustion, post-combustion, and chemical looping combustion. The conversion of captured CO₂ is also explored, highlighting alternatives such as synthetic fuel production, mineral carbonation, and the synthesis of value-added chemicals. Despite advancements in CO₂ capture and conversion, technological and economic challenges still limit their large-scale implementation. The research emphasizes the importance of developing more efficient catalysts and adopting public policies that incentivize the application of these technologies. This study contributes to the understanding of carbon emission mitigation possibilities and their integration into a sustainable economic model.