ANÁLISE DA TOLERÂNCIA E DAS RESPOSTAS MORFOANATÔMICAS DO SORGO SOB EFEITO DE ÓLEO DIESEL

Abstract

Soil contamination by petroleum, its derivatives, and toxic components present in them leads to various negative impacts on the environment and human health. Phytoremediation represents an alternative for the removal of these compounds in soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate, through biometric and anatomical parameters, the symptoms caused by diesel oil on Sorghum bicolor L. in order to understand its tolerance capacity. For this, the SHS 570 Astral cultivar was used, in 5L pots, and subjected to different concentrations of oil, which were: 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, and 20 g kg⁻¹, totaling 5 treatments with 4 replications. Analyses of plant height and stem diameter were carried out after 15 and 23 days of cultivation, and micromorphometric data were also analyzed along with histolocalization of phenolic compounds in anatomical structures. The Dunnett test at 1% probability showed differences in height (15 and 23 days), diameter (15 days), and dry mass of the aerial part. The micromorphometric results indicated a reduction in leaf thickness, mesophyll, adaxial and abaxial epidermis, and bulliform cells. Additionally, images obtained with an optical microscope showed the accumulation of phenolic compounds and starch grains as the contaminant dosage increased. Based on the plant’s reaction, it can be concluded that the sorghum was not tolerant to the doses used in this experiment.