ATRIBUTOS FISIOLÓGICOS DE Hancornia speciosa (Gomes) E FITOTÉCNICOS DE Cucurbita sp. NO CONTEXTO DE RECUPERAÇÃO DE ÁREA DEGRADADA

Abstract

The degraded areas in the world is increasing, especially in tropical environments. This scenario reflects in reduction of productive areas, socio-cultural losses and great environmental damages. Recovering degraded areas is costly and time-consuming, but extremely necessary in the face of increasing global demands for finite natural resources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agrosilviculture systems use in the degraded areas recovery of Cerrado Goiano by the implantation of mangrove orchards (Hancornia speciosa), intercropped with warblers (Syagrus oleracea) and annual crops (Cucurbita sp and Zea mays) arranged under different population densities. The treatments were grouped in: Four evaluation ages 21st month (March-2018), 24th month (June-2018), 27th month (September-2018) and 30th (December-2018); four cultivation systems: H. speciosa (single crop), H. speciosa intercropped with annual crops (Cucurbita sp and Zea mays), H. speciosa intercropped with S. oleracea, H. speciosa intercropped with annual crops (Cucurbita sp and Zea mays) and S. oleracea. Four seed densities of H. speciosa (403, 469, 603 and 803 plants.ha-1) were evaluated. The following parameters were evaluated: gaseous changes (photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, internal and external CO2 concentration), plant biometry (collection diameter, height and number of leaves), environmental (Photosynthetically active radiation in different times), pigments (chlorophyll, flavonoids, anthocyanins and nitrogen balance (NBI)) and fluorescence of chlorophyll a and quantum yield of H. speciosa. The parameters were used in the multivariate analyzes: Principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis, canonical variable analysis (CVA) and Pearson correlation. There were no effects on H. speciosa growth for the different agroforestry systems and single crop of the species. The results were able to accurately predict the age of H. speciosa plants. This result is evidenced by the canonical analysis, a tool that can demonstrate differentiation of H. speciosa single culture. It was observed that the established order obeys a tendency of contrast of the single crop for cultivation intercropped with S. oleracea, followed by the intercropped of cultures and intercropping with cultures and S. oleracea. The phytotechnical performance of Cucurbita sp. cultivated in consortia during the dry season did not adversely affect H. speciosa plants. There was evolution in the phytotechnical parameters and gains in productivity over the years. It is recommended the intercropped (Agroforestry), because there is no damage to the H. speciosa development so far evaluated. The phytotechnical performance of pumpkins was not influenced by agroforestry systems composed of H. speciosa and S. oleracea in the intervals between 403 and 803 trees per hectare of mangabas. Therefore, it recommends the use of the highest densities and the greatest number of species with the purpose of increasing the agronomic gains, guaranteeing the degraded area recovery and ensuring the eventual losses of trees during the implementation period, allowing the agroforestry to diversify the food production and environmental services, as well as ensuring economic and social gains.