ADPTABILIDADE E ESTABILIDADE DE CULTIVARES DE SOJA NO CEONTRO OESTE BRASILEIRO

Abstract

Soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) are among the most important agricultural commodities, being the main oilseed produced in the world. Brazil is the leading country in world soybean production, followed by the United States of America. The states of Goiás and Mato Grosso are among the main Brazilian soybean producing states. However, these states present considerable soil and climate variations across the cultivation areas. These variations are one of the main causes of genotype x environment interactions, which complicates selecting and recommending soybean cultivars. Thus, the objective of the present work was to estimate stable and adaptable soybean cultivars in cities in the Brazilian Central-West, for subsequent recommendation of promising cultivars. The grain yield (PROD) and mass of one hundred grains (MCG) of 46 soybean genotypes from the 2017/2018 harvest were evaluated, in eight different experimental areas. The data were subjected to individual and joint analysis of variance and adaptability and stability analysis using the GGE Biplot method. The genotypes represented by G32 and G46 were those with greater adaptability to the mega environment formed for the PROD trait. In turn, the recommendations for MCG were the genotypes G1 and G27 and the genotypes G44, G18, and G20 for the first and second mega environment formed, respectively. Genotypes G46, G41, G28, G30, G14, and G8 showed good averages and were stable for PROD. For MCG, the genotype that showed a good relationship in terms of mean and stability was G7. Genotypes G27, G31, G32, G41, and G46 were those that came closest to an ideal hypothetical genotype for PROD and G26, G35, and G44 for MCG. These results will be useful for later recommendation of cultivars in two important states for soybean cultivation in Brazil, Goiás and Mato Grosso.