HISTÓRICO, EVOLUÇÃO, PERSPECTIVAS FUTURAS E AS VANTAGENS DA UTILIZAÇÃO DE TÉCNICAS COMO A INSEMINAÇÃO ARTIFICIAL E DA INSEMINAÇÃO ARTIFICIAL EM TEMPO FIXO

Abstract

The objective of this review was to highlight the main aspects related to history, evolution, future perspectives and the advantages of using techniques such as artificial insemination (AI) and fixed-time artificial insemination (IATF). With fixed-time artificial insemination (IATF) it is possible to concentrate the entire protocol in a short period of time: detection of pregnancy, resynchronization or transfer with bulls, in addition to concentrating inseminations and births in scheduled times, allowing adequate nutritional planning, reducing the interval between deliveries and optimizing the management of the property. Offering standardization of lots, being possible to separate weaning following a pattern. In 2020, 89.8% of inseminations in cattle were performed by IATF and 10.2% by heat detection. In addition to improving the reproductive efficiency of the herd, IATF improves the reproductive function capacity of animals. cows with higher intensity in physical activity during the estrous period, show higher plasma concentration of P4 (progesterone) seven days after IATF and also higher pregnancy rate, evidencing estrus expression close to IATF and higher reproductive function. Thus, one of the benefits of using IATF is based on the concept that females that express estrus before insemination have greater reproductive success. The protocols for estrus synchronization is a reproductive biotechnology that allows all females to be inseminated during a period or station and eliminate the need for estrus detection. With the use of these and other biotechnologies it is possible to perform the genetic improvement of animals and obtain high productivity and quality in the production of beef cattle.