PERCEPÇÃO AMBIENTAL E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE FITOFISIONOMIAS COM ESPÉCIES DA REGIÃO DO MÉDIO SÃO FRANCISCO, BA

Abstract

The interest in plants as medicine has grown in Brazil, having as one of the main reasons for the social and economic conformation of the country. The Cerrado has ample biodiversity in medicinal plants and to value the empirical knowledge of the cultures that are inserted in these landscapes is the first step to be able to advance the process of survey on the use of medicinal plants as indicators of degradation. In view of this, this work aimed to analyze if human communities can classify the landscape in which they are inserted; if communities more distant from urban centers use more medicinal plants than communities near urban centers; and if the landscape areas closer to the dwellings in the communities have less floristic diversity. The work was carried out in two communities of Mucambo and Pedra Negra da Extrema, in the cities of Barreiras and Barra, located in the west of the state of Bahia, where workshops were held on knowledge, interviews and inventory of vegetation to survey popular knowledge and local biodiversity . Value-of-use tests were carried out for species with more than 15 citations and ranking of the species of greatest preference by the residents. A vegetation inventory was carried out in selected areas from a community mapping, where the quadrant point method was used, and the individuals closest to each quadrant with a soil level diameter (DNS) ≥ 3 cm were included in the sample. The Diversity Index was calculated and a simple regression analysis was performed to know if the species were adequate to the inverted "J" model. The Mucambo and Pedra Negra communities of Extrema do Extrema can classify the landscape with characteristics that coincide with the literature. For the calculation of Value of Use native medicinal woody plants were found inserted in more than one category of use. In the inventory of vegetation no evidence of bark or trunk extraction was found in any community. In the Mucambo community, there was a tendency for less diversity in forest areas closer to the dwellings, this pattern was not repeated in the Pedra Negra da Extrema community. For the regression analysis, none of the areas or plant species of the two communities fit the inverted "J" model, and it is possible to identify species and priority areas for conservation. Contrary to expected data may indicate that native species have, in certain contexts, advantages that maintain them important in local medical systems; it was possible to notice that for the quilombola communities studied there is no considerable difference between the level of knowledge related to the distance of urban centers. It was possible to observe population structure models with strong structural problems, the data reveal that the two communities when compared are similar in relation to the conservation of species, since most of the species that were analyzed proved inadequate to the "J" inverted.