EVOLUÇÃO DA BOVINOCULTURA LEITEIRA: UMA REVISÃO

Abstract

Brazil is the third largest world producer of milk, with more than 34 billion liters per year, with production in 98% of Brazilian municipalities. The increase in the consumption of milk and dairy products over the years has called the attention of dairy cattle researchers around the world, making it the target of constant studies, significantly impacting the entire production field. The evolution of dairy cattle breeding becomes more and more a reality, due to the mix of several factors that contribute to the gradual growth of such activity in the national livestock scenario. The objective of this work is to perform a bibliographic review elucidating the evolution of dairy farming in Brazil. With the arrival of modernization and the use of a wide range of technological material aimed at dairy farming, the production of cow milk in the country has shown a giant growth since 1974 to the present day. With all the technological input aimed at Brazilian dairy cattle breeding, some breeds started to be used more frequently in the properties, such as Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss, Gir, Girolando, Guzerá, Sindi. The occupation of the state of Goiás in 6th place in the ranking of milk production in the country, may be due to the great promotion of agriculture in the state, causing most of the land for food production, are directed to the production of grains. Regarding the evolution in milk production in the state of Goiás, it is worth mentioning that the largest dairy product company in Brazil is located in the state. Located in the city of Bela Vista de Goiás, Laticínios Bela Vista currently presents itself as the largest company receiving milk under inspection in the country. Dairy farming is one of the most important productive activities in the country. In a constant metamorphosis caused by a load of factors such as population growth, changes in consumption patterns, technification and modernization of the field, such activity presents a remarkable and gradual evolution over the years.