DESEMPENHO AGRÔNOMICO DAS CULTURAS DA SOJA E DO MILHO SUBMETIDAS A APLICAÇÃO DE BIOESTIMULANTES

Abstract

Among the various agricultural crops of economic importance, soybean (Glycine max L.) and corn (Zea mays) stand out as the main sources of proteins and carbohydrates of vegetable origin in human and animal diet and, due to the growing demand, it is necessary to employ new technologies for productive and qualitative increments, such as the use of foliar biostimulants. The objective was to evaluate different biostimulant substances applied on soybean and corn crops, to determine the best agronomic and physiological performance of the plants. The treatments consisted of applying types of vitamins: (Folic acid, Beta-carotene, Biotin, Inositol, Nicotinamide, Calcium Pantothenate, Vitamin A, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, D3, E, K2 with a dose of 20 g ha- 1. The treatments application took place at the V4 and R4 stage in soybeans and the field evaluations were carried out at seven days after it. There were evaluated biometric and productive parameters of plant height, number of nodes, number of pods, number of leaves, number of grains, average weight of 100 grains and yield and physiological parameters of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, photosynthesis, transpiration, water use efficiency. Applications in corn occurred at the V4 stage and later the plant height evaluations were carried out, as well as the ear insertion height, number of leaves, stem diameter, stem length at ear insertion height, ear leaf width. In soybean, positive effects on grain yield were observed when bioestimulant with Vitamin A and Biotin were applied, as they present an average increase of up to 911.40 xii kg ha-1 in relation to other treatments. The biostimulants with vitamins Inositol, B1 and B2 provided the soybean plants with greater vegetative growth, while the physiological parameters showed greater performance in treatments submitted to biostimulants with vitamins A and D3. In corn, the treatment with vitamin E showed an average increase of 1100 kg ha-1 in corn grain yield. Related to physiological vestments, corn plants perform better when applied the vitamins Inositol, Nicotinamide, Vitamin C and D3. Biostimulants with vitamins A and Biotin are recommended for soybean cultivation, while for corn it is recommended the application of vitamin E aiming at greater productivity of the two cultures studied.