DISTRIBUIÇÃO POPULACIONAL DE PATÓGE RADICULARES E BIOINDICADORES DE QUALIDADE DE SOLO

Abstract

Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina are soil-related diseases. Studies related to the geographic distribution of these fungi help to predict possible epidemics. In the state of Goiás, studies of this nature are extremely restricted. The objective was to understand the population dynamics of these microorganisms and their relationship with enzymes that indicate soil quality in soybean producing municipalities in the state of Goiás. 23 selected municipalities were evaluated based on a meta-analysis evaluating grain production during the 2020/21 harvest. 127 samples were collected to quantify the populations of Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina and 70 were evaluated for enzymatic activity of arylsulfatase, acid phosphatase and beta-glucosidase. For the 70 samples evaluated for enzymatic activity and population quantification, principal component analysis was performed. Based on the population values found, the samples were grouped and a table was generated showing the risk of occurrence of each disease, with F. solani and F. oxysporum and R. solani being treated as a joint occurrence factor. Principal component analysis showed an interaction between beta-glucosidase and Fusarium. According to what was observed, the soils do not perform their maximum productive potential, due to the imbalance in the microbiota measured by the enzymatic activity and the incidence of pathogens.