ANÁLISE EXPERIMENTAL DE LAJES PRÉ-FABRICADAS UTILIZANDO BAMBU COMO ELEMENTO DE ENCHIMENTO

Abstract

In Brazil there are several alternatives of slabs for buildings; in small and medium-sized residential buildings, precast one-way slabs prevail, and the reason for this choice is the simple in situ assembly. The constituting elements are the concrete that forms the cover, the web and the joist base; steel is the material that forms the lattice constituting the joist. The mechanical responses of the precast slabs are guaranteed by the concrete for mostly by its compressive strength and the steel that meets most of the tensile strength. There is also the filling element, commonly used by the ceramic tile or styrofoam. These do not provide mechanical responses to the stresses applied on the slab. Based on this, this study proposed the replacement of ceramic tiles with bamboo. The justification is the sustainable appeal, since ceramic tiles, for example, are pollutant generators (manufacturing process - combustion) and are formed by non-renewable material extracted from nature (clay) and increasingly scarce; bamboo is a plant species with the highest rates of carbon dioxide sequestration, rapid growth and high mechanical strength. The proposal was to build 3 slabs of each type, one of which was instrumented with strain gauges. The theoretical and experimental mechanical behavior was verified, and deformations and immediate arrows as well as service situations and disruption were evaluated. The study demonstrated that, as expected, there are no marked mechanical differences between the types. It also showed an alternative of rustic, simple and cheap finishing to be used. The final cost of these slabs with bamboo filling was 28.56% lower, representing an alternative for populations that need a basic housing.