COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA E BIOATIVIDADE DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE FOLHAS E FLORES DA Spiranthera odoratissima A. St. Hil (Manacá)

Abstract

CABRAL, FERNANDO DUARTE. Goiano Federal Institute of Science and Technology Education, Rio Verde Campus - GO, February 2020. Chemical composition and bioactivity of the essential oil of leaves and flowers of Spiranthera odoratissima A. St. Hil. Dr. Cassia Cristina Fernandes Alves “Advisor”, Mayker L. D. Miranda “Coorientador”. With the search for alternative treatments using medicinal plants to fight various diseases, Spiranthera odoratissima is a species of the Rutaceae family, widely found in the Brazilian cerrado and known as manacá with medicinal properties used in the treatment of kidney, liver and stomach pains, muscle and others. Its essential oil has a main component, β-karyophylene, which is a sesquiterpene that has anti-inflammatory activity and also acts as a neuroprotective and also has antibacterial action. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the chemical constituents, the bioactivity of the essential oil of the leaves and flowers of Spiranthera odoratissima A. St. Hil., And its action against tuberculosis (TB) and leishmaniasis, which are diseases infectious diseases that cause health damage leading to death. For the development of the work, the essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (CG-FID) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (CG-EM). The results of the chemical analysis of the essential oil of the leaves of S. odoratissima A. St. Hil., Represented 93.8% of the oil and showed to contain 28 volatile components. The main components identified were βkaryophylene (23.8%), bicyclogermacrene (10.8%) and δ-cadinene (7.1%). The chemical composition of the essential oil of the flowers of S. odoratissima A. St. Hil., xiii Presented 29 volatile components that represent 94.4% of the total constitution of the oil. The main constituents were β-karyophylene (14.1%), spatulenol (8.1%) and γcadinene (7.2%). The antimycobacterial activity of OEs was evaluated in terms of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). OEs (essential oils) from leaves and flowers showed activity against M. tuberculosis, with MIC values of 150 µg / mL and 162.5 µg/mL, respectively, also showed antiparasitic activity against the promastigote form of L. amazonensis, with IC50 values (50% growth inhibition) of 14.36 ± 2.02 (OEs-leaves) and 19.89 ± 2.66 µg / mL (OEs-flowers). Antiproliferative activity was observed against all human tumor cell lines, with IC50 values significantly lower than those obtained for the normal cell line, demonstrating IC50 values for the MCF-7 line (367.57 ± 4.46 µg/mL for OEs leaves and 357.70 ± 1.85 µg/mL for flower OEs) and M059J. The present study showed the effectiveness of Spiranthera odoratissima OE against microorganisms, in combating TB (tuberculosis) and leishmaniasis, the components of its oil showed that it can be used in food, pharmaceutical and agro-industrial industries, being a potential alternative to the use of formulas synthetic. Key words: Tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, inhibitory properties, medicinal plants, manacá.