PROPRIEDADES QUÍMICAS E BIOLÓGICAS DE COMPLEXOS DE RUTÊNIO COM O LIGANTE NITROSILO: UMA REVISÃO A RESPEITO DA UTILIZAÇÃO NA QUÍMICA INORGÂNICA MEDICINAL

Abstract

After discovering the presence of nitric oxide (NO) in vital physiological processes of the human body in the mid-1980s, it’s the importance began to be discussed in more depth by the scientific community, with an enormous increase in the number of published works and consequently, the understanding of it’s a real function and performance in the human body. Before that, it was considered just another toxic molecule and environmental pollutant, numerous substances that have any affinity for nitric oxide or even molecules that have NO embedded in their structure, began to be synthesized in laboratories to be tested as releasing or capturing NO in a physiological medium, allowing control of the concentration of this substance in the bloodstream; and consequently, the action performed on the human body. Among this huge variety of compounds with potential application in biological media, the ruthenium metal complexes with the nitrosyl ligand stand out, substances that in general’s low toxic, quite soluble in water and with an acceptable chemical stability. These substances, briefly represented by [Ru-NO]n+, act in release or even in the capture of NO, when submitted to irradiation or chemical reduction processes, showing promising possibilities of use in Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry, treating problems such as hypertension health, septic shocks and even cancer, through the combination with visible light and molecular oxygen, in the technique called Photodynamic Therapy (TFD). Studies related to this topic are extremely relevant and necessary, since the main substances currently used in the treatment of diseases such as cancer, such as cisplatin [PtCl2(NH3)2] they are very harmful to healthy cells and promote huge between of side effects. After bottomline, we can conclude than a ruthenium complex nitrosyl [Ru-NO]n+ they are extremely important substances for Bioinorganic Chemistry and Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry, presenting desirable chemical characteristics and enormous potential to be used even as possible drugs.