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MANUAL PARA CONSTRUÇÃO DE BIODIGESTOR DE BAIXO CUSTO

Thu, 30 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Título: MANUAL PARA CONSTRUÇÃO DE BIODIGESTOR DE BAIXO CUSTO Autor(es): Santos, Gilson Reis dos Primeiro Orientador: Souza, José Antonio Rodrigues de Primeiro Membro da Banca: Silva, Gilson Dourado da Segundo Membro da Banca: Silva, Ellen Lemes Abstract: The Manual/Protocol for the Construction of a Low-Cost Biodigester was developed in response to the growing need for accessible and sustainable technological solutions for the proper management of organic waste and the reduction of environmental impacts. Although biogas production is an efficient alternative for energy generation and waste treatment, its use remains limited in rural communities and small agricultural settings. The proposed manual aims to overcome this gap by offering a simple, low-cost, and replicable model that can be adopted in different social and geographic contexts. The protocol presents detailed and sequential instructions for assembling, operating, and maintaining a functional biodigester built with easily obtainable and reusable materials, such as 200-liter plastic drums, air chambers to tires, PVC pipes, and hoses. It includes technical guidelines, safety recommendations, construction diagrams, monitoring instructions, and orientations for the use of both the biogas produced and the digestate, which serves as an efficient biofertilizer. The target audience includes rural communities, family farmers, students, environmental educators, extension agents, and individuals interested in renewable energy and sustainable technologies. The manual empowers users to construct and apply the system independently, promoting environmental awareness, circular economy practices, and the reduction of waste disposal impacts. The technicalscientific advances associated with this product include the systematization of a low-cost model adapted to the socioeconomic realities of the Cerrado, the dissemination of knowledge on biogas, and the strengthening of sustainable development initiatives. The expected impacts involve promoting social inclusion, reducing energy costs, improving organic waste management, and contributing to local and regional environmental conservation. Editor: Instituto Federal Goiano Tipo: Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso

QUALIDADE DOS GRÃOS DE MILHO SOB ARMAZENAMENTO EM SILO-BOLSA

Mon, 30 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT

Título: QUALIDADE DOS GRÃOS DE MILHO SOB ARMAZENAMENTO EM SILO-BOLSA Autor(es): Valente, Raphael Pinheiro Rodrigues Primeiro Orientador: Vale, Luís Sérgio Rodrigues Primeiro Membro da Banca: Oliveira, Daniel Emanuel Cabral de Segundo Membro da Banca: Caneppele, Carlos Abstract: The static capacity deficit is one of the main problems in corn grain storage. Therefore, the use of silo bags emerges as a viable strategy to mitigate the problem of poor storage conditions. This paper aimed to evaluate the physical, physiological, nutritional, and sanitary quality of corn grains stored in silo bags for eight months. The experimental design was in a randomized block, consisting of eight treatments (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, and 240 days of storage) and five replicates. The corn grains were harvested and stored in silo bags with a capacity of 22 kg for a period of 240 days from January to September 2025 and were evaluated on physical, physiological, and sanitary conditions every 30 days. The variables studied in this period were internal and external temperature, internal and external humidity of the silo bag, germination, electrical conductivity, grain moisture content and weight of one thousand grains, and grain classification, bromatological and sanitary analysis were performed during that period. The results showed a progressive increase in internal temperature and a marked reduction in relative humidity in the silo bags. Germination showed a significant decrease in grain quality after 120 days, accompanied by a linear increase in electrical conductivity. The commercial classification changed from Type I to Type II after 180 days. The nutritional composition showed fluctuations with an initial reduction in crude protein and ether extract, followed by an increase in the later storage periods. Fungal incidence varied throughout storage with an initial predominance of Fusarium sp. and a subsequent increase in Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. It is concluded that storage in silo bags was effective in preserving the physiological, nutritional, and sanitary quality of corn grains up to 120 days, with subsequent grain deterioration. Keywords: Zea mays L. Airtight environment. Health. Physical quality. Physiological quality. Editor: Instituto Federal Goiano Tipo: Dissertação

ALTERAÇÃO DE USO DA TERRA NA REGIÃO MATOPIBA E A RELAÇÃO DA AGRICULTURA IRRIGADA E ESTOQUE DE CARBONO ORGÂNICO DO SOLO NO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO DESIDÉRIO-BA

Fri, 26 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: ALTERAÇÃO DE USO DA TERRA NA REGIÃO MATOPIBA E A RELAÇÃO DA AGRICULTURA IRRIGADA E ESTOQUE DE CARBONO ORGÂNICO DO SOLO NO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO DESIDÉRIO-BA Autor(es): Cardoso, Carlos Antônio dos Santos Primeiro Orientador: Silva, Jhon Lennon Bezerra da Primeiro Membro da Banca: Silva, Jhon Lennon Bezerra da Segundo Membro da Banca: Machado, Roriz Luciano Terceiro Membro da Banca: Batista, Pedro Henrique Dias Abstract: The MATOPIBA region, encompassing parts of the Brazilian States (Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí, and Bahia) has become one of the country’s main agricultural frontiers. This process has led to intense landscape transformation, marked by the rapid conversion of native vegetation into mechanized agricultural areas. The objective of this study was to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of land occupation and use in the MATOPIBA region from 1985 to 2023 with a particular focus on the municipality of São Desidério, Bahia (BA), a major hub of irrigated agriculture. Additionally, the study investigated the expansion of center pivot irrigation and its relationship with Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) stocks and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The methodological approach combined remote sensing products and Landsat time series processed through the MapBiomas plataform, and multitemporal statistical analyses, including the Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen’s Slope estimator. Data from the MapBiomas Solo database were also used to assess changes in organic carbon stocks across different classes (0–10; 10–20; 20–30; 30–40; 40–50; 50–60; 60–70; 70–80, and >80 t ha⁻¹). The data indicated a pronounced reduction in native vegetation cover and in land-use mosaics across the MATOPIBA region, with a statistically significant trend of loss (τ<0; p<0.001). In contrast, mechanized agriculture expanded rapidly, particulary soybean cultivation (+8,737 ha/year⁻¹) and cotton (+1,479 ha/year⁻¹). A strengthening core of irrigated agricultural production was identified in the São Desidério municipality, supported by the rapid expansion of center pivot irrigation systems (τ=0.989; Sen’s slope=+1,200 ha/year⁻¹). Conversely, water-related land cover classes showed an average reduction of -29 ha/year⁻¹, indicating increasing pressure on the Urucuia aquifer. Regarding to organic carbon, a redistribution of SOC stocks was found as characterized by annual decreases of -882 ha in the >80 t ha⁻¹ class and -138 ha in the 70-80 t ha⁻¹ class, accompanied by an expansion of intermediate classes, especially the 60-70 t ha⁻¹ category (+510 ha/year⁻¹). Comparisons between irrigated and non-irrigated areas indicated that mean SOC stocks (t ha-1) remained consistently higher in irrigated areas, with a stable relative difference raging from 47% to 66%. NDVI results showed low values in areas where native vegetation was removed during the initial phase of agricultural expansion. However, NDVI values increased after 2010, especially in irrigated agricultural areas. These findings suggested that center pivot irrigation contributes to greater stability of soil carbon stocks in sandy soils. Nevertheless, irrigation alone is insufficient to sustain high SOC levels without the implementation of conservation practices, such as no-tillage systems, crop rotation, and permanent soil cover. Overall, the results highlights the MATOPIBA region, particularly São Desidério, as a crucial centers of Brazilian agriculture, where high agricultural productivity is closely linked to significant social and environmental challenges. Irrigation emerges as a crucial factor in maintaining intermediate carbon stocks and enhance production resilience. However, its maximum effectiveness depends on integration with sustainable land management practices and public policies that reconcile food security, environmental conservation, and climate change mitigation. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of combining mean indicators, class-based distributions, and annual maps for regional and municipal-scale monitoring, supporting both scientific debate and the development of public policies related to irrigated agriculture and carbon markets in Brazil. Editor: Instituto Federal Goiano Tipo: Dissertação

DINÂMICA ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DA COBERTURA E USO DA TERRA NO CENTRO-OESTE BRASILEIRO (1985–2023): PRESSÕES CLIMÁTICAS E ANTRÓPICAS, IMPACTOS HÍDRICOS E IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A CONSERVAÇÃO

Wed, 24 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT

Título: DINÂMICA ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DA COBERTURA E USO DA TERRA NO CENTRO-OESTE BRASILEIRO (1985–2023): PRESSÕES CLIMÁTICAS E ANTRÓPICAS, IMPACTOS HÍDRICOS E IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A CONSERVAÇÃO Autor(es): Ferreira, Mateus Rodrigues Primeiro Orientador: Silva, Jhon Lennon Bezerra da Primeiro Membro da Banca: Silva, Jhon Lennon Bezerra da Segundo Membro da Banca: Oliveira, Henrique Fonseca Elias de Terceiro Membro da Banca: Silva, Marcos Vinícius da Abstract: This study addresses the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use and land cover (LULC) in the Brazilian Midwest, encompassing the states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Goiás from 1985 to 2023. The main objectives were to identify conversion patterns among land use classes, assess temporal trends, and explore the implications of these changes, regarding water resources and regional sustainability. Historical Landsat series harmonized with the MapBiomas dataset (Collection 9) were processed in the Google Earth Engine environment with statistical trend tests (Mann–Kendall and Sen’s Slope) applied at the state level. The results showed accelerated conversion of natural formations into agricultural, silvicultural, and livestock activities, resulting in a significant reduction of forest areas and water resources. Mato Grosso State exhibited strong expansion of agricultural and pastureland, while Mato Grosso do Sul State recorded substantial forest loss associated with silvicultural growth. Goiás State presented an expressive increase in agriculture oscillating in water areas associated with both reservoirs and climatic variability. Statistical analyses showed significant trends with Sen’s slope coefficients indicating negative annual rates for forests and water resources, and positive rates for pasture and agriculture, often at a 99% confidence level (p<0.01). Despite the inherent limitations in the use of remote sensing products and the statistical nature of the analyses, the findings underscore the urgency of conservation and water management policies, especially in light of intensified anthropogenic and climatic pressures. In practical terms, the results may support land-use planning, the definition of restoration targets, and the formulation of water management instruments tailored to each state. This study also highlights the need to integrate historical satellite series, process-based hydrological modeling, and field validation to strengthen the scientific foundation of future recommendations. Editor: Instituto Federal Goiano Tipo: Dissertação