DSpace Communidade: Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Agrárias - Agronomia (PPGCA - AGRO)
https://repositorio.ifgoiano.edu.br/handle/prefix/215
Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Agrárias - Agronomia (PPGCA - AGRO)2023-01-28T04:45:53ZQUALIDADE DE SEMENTES DE Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. SOB EFEITOS DE TRATAMENTOS PRÉ-GERMINATIVOS
https://repositorio.ifgoiano.edu.br/handle/prefix/3171
Título: QUALIDADE DE SEMENTES DE Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. SOB EFEITOS DE TRATAMENTOS PRÉ-GERMINATIVOS
Autor(es): Medeiros, Renato Vieira
Primeiro Orientador: Sales, Juliana de Fátima
Primeiro Membro da Banca: Sales, Juliana de Fátima
Segundo Membro da Banca: Silva, Fernando Higino de Lima
Terceiro Membro da Banca: Santos, Heloisa Oliveira
Abstract: Copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.) is a tree species with a wide distribution in Brazil and great genetic variability. Its seeds are black in color, ovoid, and have integumentary dormancy because they have structures that prevent the diffusion of water and gases into the embryonic tissue, requiring pre-germination treatments to overcome dormancy, which provides rapid and uniform germination. Considering that the species presents wide genetic variability and its seeds present tegumentary dormancy, it is needed to investigate the physical, physiological, biochemical, and histochemical characteristics in the seeds of different batches collected in different matrices, as well as in the seeds submitted to treatments to overcome dormancy relating them to the seed physiological quality. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological, physical, biochemical, and histochemical characteristics of seed batches of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. from different matrices and in seeds under effects of pre-germination treatments to overcome tegumentary dormancy. Thus, two experiments were carried out using C. langsdorffii seeds collected daily in the Cerrado biome (Brazilian Savannah) after the recent fruit dispersion from five matrices; In the first experiment, seeds from a single matrix (neutralizing genetic interference) were subjected to seventeen pre-germination treatments, comprising: (a) mechanical scarification of the embryo opposite side, soaking in distilled water for 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, s and 24 h; (b) mechanical scarification and soaking in distilled water for 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, and 24 h; (c) chemical scarification with sulfuric acid for 45 min and 90 min; (d) thermal scarification with distilled water at 90 ºC for 1 min and 3 min; (e) thermal shock for 1 min in distilled water at 90 ºC and subsequent immersion in distilled water at 0 ºC for 1 min; (f) immersion in 70% ethyl alcohol for 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min plus the control (without pre-germination treatment). In the second experiment, seeds collected from five matrices formed the seed batch treatments. Both experiments were submitted to physical, physiological, biochemical, and histochemical quality evaluations. The seed dormancy of C. langsdorffii is successfully overcome with mechanical scarification of the embryo opposite side. The pre-germination treatment with chemical scarification with sulfuric acid for 90 min produced deleterious cellular changes to the seeds, lower activity of α-amylase and β-amylase enzymes, which are associated with germination quality and with increased stress due to the high detection of enzymes of the antioxidant system superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), in addition to high levels of the malondialdehyde enzyme (MDA) detected in seeds in deterioration process due to lipid peroxidation. The batch 2 originating from matrix 2 showed inferior physiological, physical, biochemical, and histochemical quality compared to batches from other matrices, considering the analysis of radiographic images, germination, germination speed index, low levels of α-amylase and β-amylase enzymes, high detection of SOD, CAT, APX, POX, and PPO enzymes, and high detection of the MDA content.
Editor: Instituto Federal Goiano
Tipo: Tese2022-09-20T00:00:00ZDESEMPENHO FISIOLÓGICO E AGRONÔMICO DA SOJA SUBMETIDA A APLICAÇÃO DE HERBICIDAS E BIOESTIMULANTE A BASE DE Ascopillum nodosum
https://repositorio.ifgoiano.edu.br/handle/prefix/3149
Título: DESEMPENHO FISIOLÓGICO E AGRONÔMICO DA SOJA SUBMETIDA A APLICAÇÃO DE HERBICIDAS E BIOESTIMULANTE A BASE DE Ascopillum nodosum
Autor(es): Andrade, Christiano
Primeiro Orientador: Silva, Alessandro Guerra
Abstract: The indiscriminate use of glyphosate selected weed biotypes resistant to it, turning the management of these species difficult and causing reductions in soybean productivity due to the lack of control. Thus, some pre-emerging herbicides and latifolicides have been re-emerging as a promising strategy to control these weeds. However, the use of these herbicides can damage the photosynthetic apparatus, compromising the productivity components of soybean crop. In this scenario, biostimulants are presented as a tool capable of potentiating the metabolic and physiological activities of soybean plants, which may result in reduced stress caused by herbicides. The general objective of this work is to verify if biostimulants have the potential to reverse the injuries caused by latifolicides. For this, 3 experiments were carried out, distributed in three chapters, being the studies of chapters I and II were carried out in a greenhouse and III in the field. Chapter I aimed to verify the potential of the diclosulam and sulfentrazone herbicides application, indicated for dicotyledons control and pre-emergence, to cause damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of soybean plants, as well as to verify the biostimulant capacity mitigate the deleterious effects of herbicide application. In this study, it was proved the biostimulant ability to potentiate photosynthesis. Chapter II aimed to verify the biostimulant potential derived from A. nodosum to mitigate damage to the photosynthetic process of soybean plants treated with post-emergence herbicides, as well as to determine the crop stage of development that is most responsive to the biostimulant. It was concluded that 2 days after application (DAA), the herbicides inhibiting ALS (chloransulam) and PROTOX (lactofen) did not provide inhibition of gas exchange in soybean plants. On the other hand, at 10 DAA of the herbicides, it was possible to verify that chloransulam and lactofen altered the parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence, but there was no protective effect of the biostimulant. Although there was no isolated effect of the biostimulant on fluorescence parameters, its application at 3 DAA of herbicides provided increases in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and carboxylation efficiency in soybean plants. Based on the above, it is possible to conclude that the biostimulant has the potential to be used in soybean crops with the objective of mitigating the effects of the selective herbicides application. In the study of chapter III, the effect of the herbicides cloransulam and lactofen on the physiological parameters of soybean plants was evaluated, in addition to verifying the potential of the Megafol® biostimulant applied on different days, to minimize the herbicides effects, the physiological quality of the plants was also verified as well the seeds from these fields. This study opens the prospect of using specific biostimulants to increase crop tolerance to widely used post-emergent herbicides. The beneficial effect of Megafol® biostimulant on plant physiology, reflecting on productivity, was reported in soybean plants subjected to herbicide application. In addition, highlight that the biostimulant application at 6 days after the herbicide application improved the photosynthetic rate, productivity and the number of grains per plant compared to the absence of application and at 3 DAA, which is a result that becomes crucial, because understanding the right time of biostimulant application will lead to promising results. In addition, it was also observed that herbicides applied in the vegetative stage of the soybean crop provide morphophysiological damage to soybean seeds, influencing the final quality of these seeds. On the other hand, the biostimulant application at both times provided increments to vigor and germination percentage. Through the results obtained in this research, it was found that the herbicides used did not cause significant damage to the vegetative and reproductive development of soybeans, however they significantly affect the quality of the seeds.
Editor: Instituto Federal Goiano
Tipo: Tese2022-09-29T00:00:00ZSILÍCIO E ÓXIDO NÍTRICO COMO ATENUADORES DO ESTRESSE SALINO EM ALFACE E FEIJOEIRO
https://repositorio.ifgoiano.edu.br/handle/prefix/3148
Título: SILÍCIO E ÓXIDO NÍTRICO COMO ATENUADORES DO ESTRESSE SALINO EM ALFACE E FEIJOEIRO
Autor(es): Veneziano, Vítor Martins
Primeiro Orientador: Rodrigues, Carlos Ribeiro
Abstract: This thesis, composed of two chapters, aimed to evaluate the deleterious effects of salinity on bean and lettuce plants, as well as the possible beneficial effects of Si and NO in relieving the stress caused by NaCl. Both studies were conducted in a greenhouse. In the experiment with bean plants, saline stress was induced with the addition of 60 mmol L-1 of NaCl in the nutrient solution and for the resistance induction treatments, five doses of silicon (Si) were used (0; 1; 2; 3; 4 mmol L-1 of Si). In general, salinity reduced the levels of photosynthetic pigments, the levels of nitrogen and the accumulation of dry mass. With the increase of the doses of Si, there was an increase in the levels of photosynthetic pigments, in the production of dry matter and in the levels of N. In the experiment with lettuce plants, the treatment with Si was carried out with the addition of 1.5 mmol L-1 of Si, saline stress was induced with the addition of 100 mmol L-1 of NaCl in the nutrient solution and the treatment with NO was carried out by spraying 50 mL of sodium nitroprossiate at a dose of 100 μmol L-1 of NO . In general, salinity reduced leaf transpiration and photosynthesis, increased lipid peroxidation and the activity of SOD and POX enzymes. The isolated application of Si increased the activity of the NR enzyme and reduced the activity of the SOD and POX enzymes. On the other hand, the joint application of Si + NO increased leaf transpiration, reduced maximum fluorescence and also reduced sodium content in plants under saline stress.
Editor: Instituto Federal Goiano
Tipo: Tese2022-10-27T00:00:00ZMONITORAMENTO PÓS-COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL IMPACTO DE SOJA Bt EXPRESSANDO Cry1Ac NA COMUNIDADE DE ARTRÓPODES NÃO ALVO
https://repositorio.ifgoiano.edu.br/handle/prefix/3084
Título: MONITORAMENTO PÓS-COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL IMPACTO DE SOJA Bt EXPRESSANDO Cry1Ac NA COMUNIDADE DE ARTRÓPODES NÃO ALVO
Autor(es): Carrijo, Isabella
Primeiro Orientador: Gontijo, Pablo
Abstract: Despite the importance of studies about the potential impact of Bt crops on non-target
organisms, there is still little post-market research at the community level, especially on
soybean in Brazil. Post-market risk assessment (monitoring) studies of Bt crops are
important because the biotechnology effects can take several years to be expressed at the
non-target arthropod (NTAs) community. The objective of the work is to evaluate the
potential post-market impact of Bt soybean expressing the insecticidal protein Cry1Ac in
the community of NTAs associated with the crop in the Southwest region of Goiás. For
this, field trials were carried out in Rio Verde and Montividiu, in the 2019/20 and 2020/21
seasons, respectively. The assays were carried out in a randomized block design with four
replications and two treatments: Bt soybean expressing Cry1Ac and non-Bt soybean. The
NTA community was evaluated using Moericke, Sticky and Pitfall traps, at soybean
growth stages V2/3, V5/6, R2/3, R5/6 and R7/8. The potential impact of Bt soybeans on
NTAs was assessed using Principal Response Curve (PRC) analysis. We believe that the
results of the present work can add to the literature, helping to clarify the potential effects
of Bt crops on NTAs. Thus, contributing to the development of more efficient and
sustainable pest management strategies in soybean
Editor: Instituto Federal Goiano
Tipo: Dissertação2022-10-06T00:00:00Z