https://repositorio.ifgoiano.edu.br/handle/prefix/142 2026-03-17T14:56:43Z https://repositorio.ifgoiano.edu.br/handle/prefix/6098 Título: ECOTOXICOLOGIA DE IMIDACLOPRIDO E CROMO EM FOLSOMIA CANDIDA EM SOLOS DO BIOMA CERRADO Autor(es): Silva, Karoliny Simões Primeiro Orientador: Leal, Rafael Marques Pereira Primeiro Membro da Banca: Jakelaitis, Adriano Segundo Membro da Banca: Tadei, Rafaela Abstract: Pesticide residues have been frequently detected in soils around the world, posing potential risks to soil organisms and soil quality, as well as human health. The city of Rio Verde, located in the state of Goiás, Brazil, stands out in the production of grains, where there is an intensive and recurrent use of pesticides, such as herbicides, as well as insecticides, especially neonicotinoids. In addition, there is evidence that agricultural soils in the region are contaminated by chromium (Cr). Depending on the conditions of use, their physicochemical characteristics and environmental conditions, pesticide residues may be present in the soil in concentrations close to or higher than concentrations that cause adverse effects to soil organisms (earthworms, springtails, enchitreids, mites, among others). Understanding the toxicity of pesticides to soil organisms, especially in scenarios involving the presence of other contaminants such as heavy metals, is of fundamental importance so that there is no underestimation of ecological risks to soil organisms. Therefore, the objectives of this work were to perform a literature review on the dissipation of pesticides in Brazilian soils and to evaluate, by means of ecotoxicological assays, the effects of the pesticide imidacloprido, associated or not with Cr, the springtail Folsomia candida, in natural soil samples collected in the region of Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil and to propagate environmental education by performing a pedagogical intervention presenting soil organisms and their environmental roles in a school. The literature review was conducted using the keywords "dissipation" AND "pesticides" AND "Brazil" in the national and international databases: Scielo, Web of Science and Scopus. A total of 47 articles were included in the discussions, which provided information on the half-life of mineralization and dissipation of 35 active ingredients. The active ingredient with the most papers was atrazine included in 10 studies. The low number of studies involving each active ingredient and the great diversity of soils in Brazil did not allow us to determine pesticide dissipation patterns in Brazilian soils, however, compared to temperate regions, generally the dissipation in tropical climates is faster. Factors such as the physicochemical properties of the active ingredient and the soil, microbial diversity, and the history of applications also interfere with dissipation. Dissipation interferes with the bioavailability of pesticides or metabolites, which will interfere with toxicity to soil organisms, the longer the half-life period, the greater the bioavailability and the greater the possibility of the residues causing effects to these organisms. Toxicity to organisms can be evaluated through survival and reproduction tests regulated by ISO. The test with springtails was carried out with 10 organisms between 10 and 12 days of age, in 6 replicates, for 28 days, with humidity and food replaced weekly. Samples of 5 natural soils, collected in Rio Verde - GO, with varying natural concentrations of Cr were used in two tests. In the first test, without pesticide, there was no effect observed in reproduction and survivor of Folsomia candida. In the second test, with addition of Evidence® 700 WG (70% of imidacloprid), the non-observed effect concentration (NOEC) was 0,32 mg/kg and the lowest observed concentration (LOEC) was 0,64 mg/kg. The concentration of effect on reproduction in 50% of organisms (EC50) was 0.62 mg/kg [0.4693-0.7846] and mortality LC50 = 1.026 mg/kg [0.90 - 1.15]. Although the first test did not show an effect related to the metal chromium, the addition of the pesticide to this soil showed a slight reduction in the expected value of EC50 compared to the values present in the literature (approximately 0.80 mg/kg in a soil with the same classification – oxisol). The pedagogical intervention was carried out in partnership with the “Criar” project of SESC in Palmas – TO, divided into moments: the first moment was a conversation circle followed by the elaboration of drawings of soil organisms, to understand the students' previous knowledge; the second moment was composed of a presentation of soil organisms and their environmental roles; the third moment was the manufacture of a composter; the fourth moment was a technical visit of the students of the project to the Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Risks of the Federal University of Tocantins and to close, a new conversation circle was held with the elaboration of drawings of soil organisms. The project sparked the curiosity and sense of responsibility of the students in relation to the environmental protection of the habitat of the "soil bugs" that were previously unknown. Conversation circles and production of drawings were held by the students in stage 1 and in the final stage to observe the evolution of previous and acquired knowledge. Ecotoxicology is a crucial area for environmental protection, as it involves the risks inherent to each chemical compound and its availability, thus, knowing more about the environmental dissipation behavior of various pesticide active ingredients, and their interaction with other chemicals, as well as the monitoring of pesticide residues in agricultural areas and in water. It is important to determine the exposure of organisms to these contaminants. In addition, the determination of concentrations of deleterious effects in non-target organisms is a means of protection for other organisms, since ensuring that the most sensitive organisms are not at risk guarantees protection for the entire trophic chain. In environmental education, which should begin from an early age, ecotoxicology helps to make students aware of the role of each organism in the edaphic fauna, even the smallest ones, and helps to recognize that it is the duty of each individual to protect the environment in which we live. Editor: Instituto Federal Goiano Tipo: Dissertação 2025-10-31T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ifgoiano.edu.br/handle/prefix/5751 Título: USO DE MODELAGEM DE EQUAÇÕES ESTRUTURAIS (MEE), PARA AVALIAR A INFLUÊNCIA DE FERTILIZANTES FOSFATADOS SOBRE A DINÂMICA DAS FRAÇÕES DE FÓSFORO NO SOLO Autor(es): Brito, Alfredo Silva de Primeiro Orientador: Rodrigues, Carlos Ribeiro Abstract: Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant development. However, in tropical soils, its availability to crops is reduced due to intense adsorption processes by the iron and aluminum oxides present in these soils. Understanding the P dynamics in soils and how different sources can alter this dynamic is crucial for increasing fertilizer use efficiency. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the use of structural equation modeling (SEM) in understanding soil P dynamics and how different sources, both soluble and low-solubility, can alter this dynamic. A database from an experiment testing triple superphosphate (TSP) and Arad reactive phosphate (ARP) on a typical dystrophic Haplic Cambisol (CXbd) and a typical dystrophic Red Latosol (LVd) was used. For P fractions characterizations, the sequential Hedley fractionation method was employed. The methodology included structural equation modeling (SEM) to evaluate the interactions between P Pools. The soil P Pools were latent constructs estimated based on the soil P fractions as follows: Inorganic Pool = Labile-Pi + Fe+Al-Pi + Non-Labile-Pi; Organic Pool = Labile-Po + Moderately Labile-Po + Non-Labile-Po; Mineral Pool = Ca-Pi; Occluded Pool = Occluded-Pi; and Available Pool = Solution-Pi. In the model hypothesis test, the Available Pool is a function of the other P Pools: Available Pool = Inorganic Pool + Organic Pool + Mineral Pool + Occluded Pool. Tests were conducted with the databases using the full model. Full models with low fit and absence of component significance were respecified based on correlation tests and/or Bartlett's sphericity test and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) index. The results showed that in the Cambisol with ARP, the moderately labile organic fraction (Moderately Labile-Po) is the main P source for the available pool. In the TSP treatment, phosphorus is rapidly solubilized but also exhibits higher fixation. In the Latosol, ARP maintains P in non-labile forms, promoting gradual release, while TSP provides rapid availability but with more intense immobilization. Thus, understanding the relationships between phosphorus fractions and phosphate fertilization in tropical soils through SEM becomes important to assist in the choice of P source and appropriate management to increase the availability of this nutrient to plants, mitigating environmental impacts and improving the utilization of applied inputs. Keywords: P compartments; Multivariate analysis; Tropical soils; Arad reactive phosphate; Triple superphosphate. Editor: Instituto Federal Goiano Tipo: Dissertação 2025-08-28T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ifgoiano.edu.br/handle/prefix/5482 Título: LEGADO DA SECA NA SOJA: QUAL O ALCANCE DA MEMÓRIA INTERGERACIONAL NA TOLERÂNCIA AO DÉFICIT HÍDRICO? Autor(es): Silva, João Vitor Ferreira dos Santos Silva Primeiro Orientador: Farnese, Fernanda dos Santos Primeiro Membro da Banca: Sousa, Leticia Ferreira Segundo Membro da Banca: Vital, Roberto Gomes Terceiro Membro da Banca: Silva, Fabia Barbosa Abstract: Drought is one of the main challenges faced by modern agriculture, significantly impacting crop productivity. This study investigated the ability of soybean (Glycine max) to develop stress memory over multiple generations by assessing physiological, biochemical, and anatomical responses in plants subjected to different water deficit regimes. The experiment was conducted over three generations (Parental, F1, and F2) to evaluate the persistence and intergenerational impacts of this memory. The results demonstrated that repeated exposure to drought influenced parameters such as water potential, stomatal conductance, and gas exchange, revealing adaptations that contributed to greater water use efficiency. However, in some cases, repeated stress resulted in maladaptive responses, making plants more vulnerable in subsequent generations. Additionally, it was observed that the intensity and timing of the water deficit were crucial for the maintenance or loss of stress memory, suggesting that adaptation to water stress can be both beneficial and detrimental, depending on the plant’s environmental history. These findings highlight the importance of agricultural management strategies that consider intergenerational drought memory, as well as the development of more resilient cultivars to cope with climate change. Understanding how drought memory influences plant responses can be a key step in mitigating the impacts of water stress on agricultural production Editor: Instituto Federal Goiano Tipo: Dissertação 2025-02-27T00:00:00Z https://repositorio.ifgoiano.edu.br/handle/prefix/5409 Título: CONSTRUÇÃO DE DROUGHTBOX PARA ANÁLISE DA SEGURANÇA TÉRMICA E POTENCIAL PRODUTIVO DENTRO DO GÊNERO Coffea spp. Autor(es): Almeida, Victor Hugo Confessor Primeiro Orientador: Farnese, Fernanda dos Santos Abstract: With global warming and the increasing unpredictability of weather patterns, extreme events have become an undeniable reality, directly impacting agricultural sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the physiological strategies of different Coffea species under water and thermal stress conditions, developing and testing a new tool, the Droughtbox. This innovative system allowed phenotyping of minimum residual conductance (gmin) and phase transition temperature (Tp) in Coffea species, with precise control over temperature and relative humidity. Additional assessments of gas exchanges, fluorescence, and anatomical characteristics provided insights into morphological and physiological adaptations. The results highlighted significant variations in thermal tolerance and water use efficiency among the studied genotypes, with Coffea liberica standing out due to its potential to conserve water, even at constant temperatures, maintain leaf temperature and present a high photosynthetic rate, with high production potential. The research emphasizes the critical role of tools like the Droughtbox in predicting the impacts of climate change on coffee cultivation. Editor: Instituto Federal Goiano Tipo: Dissertação 2025-02-28T00:00:00Z