MELHOR TEMPO DE HIDRODESTILAÇÃO, ATIVIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE TEOR E COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DAS FOLHAS DE Campomanesia adamantium SUBMETIDAS À SECAGEM

Abstract

Campomanesia adamantium popularly known as gabiroba or guabiroba, is a native fruit species of the savannah. The leaves of C. adamantium are popularly used by infusion, as antidiarrheal agent, liver cleanser, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiseptic urinary tract. The chemical composition of essential oils extracted from plants of the same species may have changes in the proportions of its constituents by interference from extractive factors, environmental, genetic and ontogenetic. The purpose of this study was to determine some factors that influence the content and chemical composition of essential oil, extracted by hydrodistillation method, the leaves of C. adamantium, as the time hydrodistillation, artificial drying and natural, and also check the antioxidant activity of essential oil from the leaves of C. adamantium collections in the Cerrado region. The chemical analyzes were made using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer and chemical constituents of essential oils were identified by comparison of their mass spectra with the equipment database and also by comparing retention indices with the literature. The antioxidant activity was evaluated before the consumption of the stable radical DPPH. To evaluate the effect of hydrodistillation time on the content of essential oil chemical composition of C. adamantium leaves showed significant differences in the different tested hydrodistillation times. From two hours of hydrodistillation essential oil content is stabilized. The oxygenated sesquiterpenes spathulenol were identified and caryophyllene oxide as major compounds in the five hydrodistillation times. There were variations in the relative amounts for spathulenol major constituents, carifileno oxide, germancreno B and caryophyllene. In the study to assess the influence of two methods to eight drying times of C. adamantium sheets on the content and composition of the essential oil it was found that there was an interaction effect with the methods of drying times. The best drying time will depend on the purpose for which the essential oil is used, so can extract the essential oil of the plant material in nature but also to 16th day xx of drying. As noted, there were no major changes in the essential oil in different drying methods. They identified 35 and 34 compounds in the essential oil of C. adamantium sheets subjected to the drying oven and shadow respectively, and spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide and germacrene B the major components in all samples. Drying influenced by increasing the relative amount presented by sesquiterpenes germacrene B and β-copaene and also in reducing the spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide on the 16th day of drying. In assessing the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of C. adamantium leaves collected in the Cerrado region, the essential oil presented as major constituents the germacrene sesquiterpenes B and β - caryophyllene, on their activity scavenging capacity of free radicals is low compared to an antioxidant other essential oils like clove India, G. biloba extract, but it can be considered better than that found in other essential oils like ho-sho, indicating a potential use in food products.