HERBICIDA NATURAL DERIVADO DE Myracrodruon urundeuva FREIRE ALLEMÃO

Abstract

The species Myracrodruon urundeuva Freire Allemão native of Brazil is widely used as a natural medicine, research that seek to identify active compounds in their shells that can influence the development of other species is of great importance. The objective of this project included the allelopathic evaluation of aqueous extracts of M. peel urundeuva through bioassays in the laboratory and greenhouse and phytochemical research and identification of active substances in liquid-liquid fractionation of methanol extract and oil samples essential. The plant material was collected on the campus of the University of Rio Verde in the State of Goias, Brazil and dried in an oven with forced air circulation will 40 ° C, ground in a Wiley mill to obtain a fine powder. The aqueous extract was obtained by infusion in the proportion of 250 g of plant material to 1 liter of boiling distilled water. As a reference solution for bioassays had The aqueous extract at the concentration / dilutions of 100%, 50%, 25% and 0% (white). The seed species selected to carry out the laboratory bioassays were cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.), onion (Allium Ceppa) and the weed species of difficult control signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens ) and Black beggarticks (Bidens pilosa). In greenhouse was used species sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) and phytochemical evaluation through qualitative chemical tests. The liquid fractionation was performed with methanol extract and different polarities of solvents, hexane, ethyl acetate and chloroform. The essential oil was obtained by Clevenger extractor. The most significant changes made in laboratory bioassays were observed in seed black picão (27.0 ± 6,8b) the germination percentage in 100% germination speed index in tomatoes (26.8 ± 0,8c) in 50 % stimulus in the radicle of the cabbage (15.6 ± 7,9a) and onions (3.1 ± 3,5b) by 50% and inhibitions brachiaria (16.9 ± 10,8b) at 100%. The height of the sorghum plants (38.9 ± 6.3A) was stimulated in preemergence / land on cabbage and 50% (2.3 ± 0.7A) and sand. Through phytochemical detected the presence of saponins, phenols, hydrolyzable tannins and catechins. Samples obtained from the essential oil extraction and fractionation of the methanol extract liquid was subjected to gas chromatography and x nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry highlighting significant amounts of steroids such as γ-sitosterol, stigmast-5-en-3-ol and (5β) pregnane -3,11,20-Trione and the presence of the methyl esters such as acid and elaidic acid aquídico the essential oil. AM urundeuva has allelopathic effects played in bioassays as well as significant amounts of secondary metabolites.