AMOSTRAGEM DE PRAGAS E INIMIGOS NATURAIS EM TOMATE INDUSTRIAL (NA FASE DE PRÉ-FLORAÇÃO) E O USO DO MILHO DOCE COMO PLANTA COMPANHEIRA/ CAMPUS URUTAÍ

Abstract

Plant diversification mitigates colonization by herbivorous insects in agricultural systems. Tomato and sweetcorn for industrial processing are grown for raw material generation, in the state of Goiás, with outstanding production in the national scenario. However, little is known about the potential of sweet corn as a companion plant for sucking insects and natural enemies in tomato. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the presence of herbivores and natural enemies in industrial tomato plants (in the pre-flowering stage), through yellow adhesive traps, cultivated under different arrangements of agricultural landscape diversification.The treatments were: (T1) Isolated tomato plants, (T2) tomato plants with sweet corn in the vicinity and in the region of the state of Goiás, in the state of Pires do Rio, (T3) tomato plants with polyculture (garlic, lettuce and zucchini) in the vicinity. The insects were by yellow adhesive traps. Dalbulus maidis (29.52%), Frankliniella schultzei (23.90%), F.occidentalis(18.72%) and Myzus persicae (15.20%) corresponded to 87.34% of the total insects collected in the three areas evaluated. Tomato plants cultivated with sweet corn in the bordering had less infestation of the F. schultzei tripes as well as the aphid M. persicae. The number of D. maidis and F. occidentalis adults did not vary according to the treatments. The chewing herbivores Diabrotica speciosa and Astylus variegatus were more captured in tomato plants with adjacent sweet corn. Predators and parasitoids represented only 6.62% of the abundance of captured insects. Cycloneda sanguinea and parasitoids were more captured in tomato plants maintained with polyculture (T3). Cultivation of tomato with sweet corn or polyculture favored the abundance of the predator Sphaerophoria scripta, with an increase of 1.42 and 1.47 times, respectively, compared to T1 treatment (isolated tomato). Considerations on the control of pest insects and the maintenance of natural enemies in tomato plants, with sweet corn acting as a companion plant, in the pre-flowering stage of that Solanaceae, are pointed out.